Researchers are investigating how to isolate and use stem cells from fat to perform spinal fusion surgeries. The adipose tissue has many beneficial functions, including providing energy and protecting nerves. The researchers believe that using freshly isolated fat stem cells may simplify the procedure and speed healing. The process is also less expensive and labor-intensive than traditional methods.

Researchers have previously used human stem cells to regenerate blood vessels in laboratory mice. Within two weeks after the stem cells were implanted, networks of blood-perfused vessels were formed—the new blood vessels matched natural blood vessels in size and quality. The researchers hope to use this technique to treat vascular and cardiovascular diseases eventually. It may also be used to treat brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.

Another method used by HSCI scientists is cultured fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are grown outside the body and can be harvested and used. The benefits of this treatment are similar to those of using bone marrow stem cells. In both cases, patients will be given a variety of treatment options. In both cases, the number of stem cells injected is important. The treatment can be done under a doctor’s supervision.

The invasive procedure is often painful for the patient, as the skin is irradiated. Some surgeons use autologous fat grafts to restore breast function. However, the adipose-derived stem cells could be used as a supplement to this fat graft.

Aside from treating painful conditions such as tendon tears, regenerating tissues from fat can also help repair damaged tissue. The treatment can improve arthritic joints and menisci. It is also useful for the reconstruction of damaged knee menisci. However, the treatment is not suitable for patients with spinal or neck conditions.

One of the most promising applications of stem cells is in tissue regeneration. Without it, patients would have to wait for a kidney from a donor and undergo surgery. But with the help of stem cells, scientists can instruct these cells to differentiate and produce a particular tissue. This means that patients can receive new skin tissue without having to wait for a donor organ.

Another source of stem cells is bone marrow. Adult hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the bone marrow. These cells can differentiate into all major specialized tissues. These stem cells are also useful for transplant.